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Electronics and Communication Engineering
Unified Analysis of Harris Hawks and Hybrid Black Widow–Elephant Herding Optimization in SFFrFT-Based GMTI
Ground moving target indication (GMTI) in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remains challenging when weak or slowly moving targets are embedded in stationary clutter. This paper presents a unified analysis of adaptive and improved simplified fractional Fourier transform (SFFrFT) approaches optimized using Harris Hawks Optimization and Hybrid Black Widow–Elephant Herding Optimization for enhanced target detection and localization.